hong kong history national geographic

By 1839, China is home to 10 million opium smokers and up to 2 million addicts. However, Hong Kong is protected from out-and-out war by its status as a British colony. All rights reserved. Please be respectful of copyright. Here are 25 powerful moments from Hong Kong’s long history: Copyright © 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright © 2015-2021 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Editor's Note: This article has been updated to reflect the demands of the protesters. That and other Chinese policies, like a recent attempt to allow extradition to the mainland, have led to mass protests, strained British-Chinese diplomatic relations, and fueled increasing concerns that China is stifling public dissent, interfering in local politics, and eroding human rights in Hong Kong. On the mainland, the Chinese Revolution is won by the Communists under leader Mao Zedong. It declares that China will resume control of Hong Kong on July 1, 1997. Copyright © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright © 2015-2021 National Geographic Partners, LLC. But was it the beginning of lasting autonomy for Hong Kong? I had two bites at the Hong Kong cherry - National Service 1950-52 and in the movie business 1977- 2002, so I recognize many of your locations. Volcano tourism is booming, but is it too risky? Hong Kong - Hong Kong - Government and society: When it was a colony, Hong Kong was administered by a governor, who was appointed by and represented the monarch of the United Kingdom, directed the government, served as the commander in chief, and presided over the two main organs of government, the Executive Council and the Legislative Council. Britain resumes control over the civil government. It is the first of three “unequal treaties” China signs with Britain. Experts weigh in. Hong Kong’s government announces plans for a bill that would allow extraditions to mainland China for the first time. British merchants trade illegally smuggled opium from India for Chinese goods such as tea, silks and porcelain, setting the stage for a vicious trade dispute. The bill is soon withdrawn, but the proposed law faces international criticism and is seen as evidence of China’s desire to restrict freedoms in Hong Kong. Hong Kong becomes a regional trade center. The marches continue every July, providing an annual reminder of citizens’ demands for universal suffrage, freedom of speech protections and democratic rule. Millions of people march in the peaceful demonstrations that follow. The final treaty, the 1898 Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, leased the New Territories to Britain for 99 years. Should cities start banning them? Hong Kong democracy leaders found guilty over peaceful 2019 protest Seven figures including Martin Lee and media tycoon Jimmy Lai convicted over unauthorised march Published: 1 Apr 2021 Should cities start banning them? In Hong Kong, the supply of places for higher education falls short of demand. As a result, the government undertakes ambitious social reforms, tackling official corruption and increasing educational opportunities. During occupation, Hong Kong’s population shrinks from 1.6 million to 600,000. A global firm of engineering consultants, designers, development planners & project managers. China attempts to suppress Britain’s opium trade by destroying the smuggled opium and punishing traffickers. The First Opium War that follows leaves 520 British casualties and up to 20,000 Chinese casualties. Please be respectful of copyright. Home to over seven million people, Hong Kong teems with life. Remnants from the space rock may help explain how often these cosmic explosions occur—and the threat they pose to Earth. Battle to control America’s ‘most destructive’ species: feral pigs. The 'special status' of the city is a result of its unusual political history. Massive waves of immigrants from mainland China begin to arrive in Hong Kong. Gas heat and stoves are warming the climate. As Japanese forces close in on Hong Kong after the start of the Sino-Japanese War, thousands of people from mainland China flee to the city. Demonstrations and battles between police and pro-democracy protesters break out throughout Hong Kong. British Hong Kong’s trajectory was different from that of mainland China, which became a Communist country in 1949. The unrest leads to a sense of social cohesion in an increasingly multicultural society. Will China continue to recognize Hong Kong’s autonomy after then? Starting in the late 1970s, the U.K. and China began to discuss Hong Kong’s future. Starting in 2014, elections were conducted using a list of candidates vetted by Beijing. The sun had finally set on one of the wealthiest modern outposts of the British Empire. The forgotten fossil hunter who transformed Britain’s Jurassic Coast. Experts weigh in. The ‘special status’ of this powerful global city is the result of two centuries of growth, turmoil, and change. Copyright © 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright © 2015-2021 National Geographic Partners, LLC. It concludes with the Convention of Peking, which cedes the Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island to Britain. Gaining admission to Western universities by studying abroad is easier than local institutions (Altbach, 1991). More. How Hong Kong’s complex history explains its current crisis with China. At the end of the war, British and French troops lay waste to Beijing’s Summer Palaces. Under the terms of the treaty, China would regain control of its leased lands on July 1, 1997. As the treaty’s expiration loomed, separating the New Territories from the rest of Hong Kong became increasingly unthinkable. After the handover, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of China with its own “mini constitution,” legal system, and some democratic rights like free speech and the freedom of assembly under its Basic Law. Does everyone need to wear a mask outside? Chinese and Hong Kong officials call the clashes a “riot.” Protesters demand they retract those claims. Copyright © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright © 2015-2021 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Unauthorized use is prohibited. Does everyone need to wear a mask outside? Terrified Hong Kong residents avoid public places at the height of the epidemic, and the government is criticized for its slow response. Big winter snows in the North could be fueled by Arctic sea ice loss, 'Lost golden city of Luxor' discovered by archaeologists in Egypt, How the first pitch became baseball's Opening Day tradition, How Queen Victoria remade the British monarchy, Why the St. Vincent volcano has such a deadly reputation, Europe to review Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine over reports of rare blood clots. Tens of thousands of people march in a pro-democracy rally. Over the next 56 years, it will lose control over all three main regions of Hong Kong. Sign up for more inspiring photos, stories, and special offers from National Geographic. The civil war drives hundreds of thousands to flee to Hong Kong, leading to the creation of large squatter settlements. So much of the old city has gone that even shots from the 70's and 80's seem like ancient history. In Hong Kong, more than 1 million people protest the massacre of pro-democracy demonstrators in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square. How this more contagious virus variant became dominant in the U.S. Up to 100,000 Chinese found refuge in Hong Kong after the Communist Party took power. They haven’t gotten their demands yet—but the protests continue unabated. Hundreds are arrested and China threatens to crack down. It is a landslide for pro-democracy candidates, who win more than 65 percent of the vote. All rights reserved, Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, expiration of China’s agreement to honor Hong Kong’s Basic Law. Japanese bombs drop in Hong Kong territory. Waste left over from the coffee-making process can jolt destroyed forests back to life. Japan invades and occupies Hong Kong. Beijing officials are furious, and negotiations fall apart. The movement fails, and many of the leaders, who were students, are jailed. The massacre fuels worries about how China will govern in Hong Kong, and anti-Communist sentiments grow. From a British colony to part of Beijing’s ‘one country, two systems’ policy, Hong Kong… Remnants from the space rock may help explain how often these cosmic explosions occur—and the threat they pose to Earth. Up to 30,000 Chinese are killed or wounded; there are just 2,900 Western casualties. Capitalist Hong Kong soon experienced an economic boom, becoming home to a multicultural, international community. The current composition of Hong Kong’s 70-seat Legislative Council is 40 Geographic Constituency legislators elected directly by voters, albeit according to a proportional representation system. They’re not the first: The history of Hong Kong is one of rapid growth, political turmoil, and continual demands for change. The Chinese legislature rules out open elections in Hong Kong, saying that it will only allow candidates approved by Beijing to run for its top political position. This tumultuous decade sees riots, civil unrest, and social anxiety, coupled with natural disasters like droughts and typhoons. Hong Kong has been wracked by a recent series of protests in support of self-determination for its citizens. Why we need booster shots against variants to help end the pandemic, This U.S. national park has the world’s longest cave system. Chris Patten, the last British governor of Hong Kong, announces democratic reforms for the 1994 local and 1995 legislative elections without consulting China. Hong Kong’s economy takes off as a manufacturing hub and the standard of living climbs. These “ecological zombies” will eat almost anything and can live almost anywhere. Thus, an increasing number of Hong Kong students choose to study abroad for higher education . The forgotten fossil hunter who transformed Britain’s Jurassic Coast. The history of the Hong Kong Police originates in 1841, when the Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) was officially established by the British colonial government, the same year that the British had settled in Hong Kong.While changes have been implemented throughout the People's Republic of China (PRC) since the transfer of sovereignty in 1997, the Hong Kong Police Force (formerly the Royal Hong … Today, Kowloon Bay has been almost entirely reclaimed from the sea. The United Kingdom had held Hong Kong as a colony since 1841, when it occupied the area during the First Opium War. Critics claim the bill threatens Hong Kong’s independence and that extradition could be used to silence China’s critics. Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. The latest news, events and upcoming exhibitions by Arup. But unrest grows due to income inequality and poor working conditions among the surging population. Hong Kong citizens experience a growing sense of uncertainty—and wonder why they weren’t included in the negotiations. It is a decisive loss for China. The 'special status' of the city is a result of its unusual political history. However, Hong Kong residents cannot elect their own leaders; rather, a chief executive is elected by a 1,200-member election committee. Where to find warrior queens, fairies, and castles in Scotland. Defeat came at a high cost: In 1842, China agreed to cede the island of Hong Kong to the British in perpetuity through the Treaty of Nanjing. The most recent series of demonstrations initially arose from protests against a controversial bill that would allow extradition to mainland China. Britain is awarded a rent-free, 99-year lease on the New Territories. Where to find warrior queens, fairies, and castles in Scotland. Mao Zedong is replaced by the more moderate Deng Xiaoping, who implements a policy of “opening and reform.” Britain, looking ahead to the end of its 99-year lease on the New Territories, approaches Deng about continuing its administration. Police fight back with tear gas, pepper spray and rubber bullets, injuring 80 people. Trust in Beijing’s commitment to democracy in Hong Kong plummets, and half a million people engage in pro-democracy protests in July. Parasites are going extinct. Il nome "Hong Kong" è una rappresentazione fonetica approssimativa della pronuncia della parlata cantonese o il nome Hakka "香港", che significa "porto profumato". Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are considered the “three pillars” of ancient Chinese society. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and China’s Premier Zhao Ziyang sign the Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong. Why we need booster shots against variants to help end the pandemic, This U.S. national park has the world’s longest cave system. Gas heat and stoves are warming the climate. These “ecological zombies” will eat almost anything and can live almost anywhere. All rights reserved. As philosophies and religions, they not only influenced spirituality, but also government, science, the arts, and social structure. Kowloon Bay is a major industrial and financial area, and was home to Hong Kong's airport until a new facility was built in 1998. Protesters take over the airport and face police at government buildings and in tourist and shopping districts. In 1984, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and China’s premier Zhao Ziyang signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, agreeing that China would give Hong Kong some political and social autonomy through a “one country, two systems” policy for a 50-year-period. China and Hong Kong are struck by the deadly SARS epidemic, a respiratory virus that infects 8,096 people worldwide and kills 774. Here's why we need to save them. He is criticized for his handling of the Asian financial crisis and his obedience to Beijing. So do international trade and Western-style schools, banks and businesses. It galvanizes pro-democracy support in the city, and more candidates in favor of democratic rule run in the next election. Big winter snows in the North could be fueled by Arctic sea ice loss, 'Lost golden city of Luxor' discovered by archaeologists in Egypt, How the first pitch became baseball's Opening Day tradition, How Queen Victoria remade the British monarchy, Why the St. Vincent volcano has such a deadly reputation, Europe to review Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine over reports of rare blood clots. history: several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as the constitution); note - since 1990, China's National People's Congress has … The Treaty of Nanjing is signed by China and Britain, ceding the island of Hong Kong to Britain permanently. Hong Kong officially reverts to Chinese rule after more than 150 years of British control. How this more contagious virus variant became dominant in the U.S. Mary Anning and her most important dinosaur finds went unsung, but her legacy now draws travelers to southwest England. Hong Kong’s population surges from 600,000 in 1945 to 2.5 million in 1956. . China pledges to grant Hong Kong a “high degree of autonomy” and that Hong Kong would move toward direct elections by 2007. Mary Anning and her most important dinosaur finds went unsung, but her legacy now draws travelers to southwest England. For weeks, it has also roiled with pro-democracy protests as millions take to the streets to demand political self-determination and personal autonomy. The small island of Hong Kong is a backwater fishing community ruled by China. 430,000 years ago a meteor exploded over Antarctica, leaving clues in the debris. Sign up for more inspiring photos, stories, and special offers from National Geographic. Why do male gorillas beat their chests? About half a million people march to protest an attempt to introduce Article 23, a national security “anti-subversion” law that critics feared would curtail free speech. Unauthorized use is prohibited. Hong Kong's political and judicial systems may be integrated with China's at that time, or the territory may continue to be administered separately. Demonstrators make demands: Withdraw the extradition bill, conduct an inquiry into police brutality, stop characterizing the protests as “riots,” release those arrested, and provide more democratic freedoms. A Shanghai-born businessman named Tung Chee-hwa is chosen to rule the new Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The handover still has another phase ahead: the expiration of China’s agreement to honor Hong Kong’s Basic Law. Volcano tourism is booming, but is it too risky? Parasites are going extinct. Deng keeps the option of resuming sovereignty open, but admits the city has a “special status.” Behind the scenes, the UK starts planning its exit. The first elections are held, producing record turnout despite torrential rains. But because of the city’s new election structure under Chinese rule, pro-democracy candidates don’t gain a majority in the legislature. Over the next half-century, the United Kingdom gained control over all three main regions of Hong Kong: After Hong Kong Island came the Kowloon Peninsula, and finally the New Territories, a swath of land that comprises the bulk of Hong Kong today. We’ll find out in 2047. Demonstrators change tactics, conducting surprise protests at government buildings and in far-flung parts of the New Territories. New study offers intriguing evidence, A mysterious neurological disease is afflicting endangered Florida panthers, Endangered trout may soon return to the concrete Los Angeles River, In Spain, sanctuaries give forever homes to farmed animals, Elephants return to conflict-ridden national park, Many mammals are contagious yawners—this might be why, Once-rare Arctic lightning is now more frequent—and may reshape the region, As halibut decline, Alaska Native fishers square off against industrial fleets, Hazardous spill in Florida highlights environmental threat decades in the making. China requires that its approval must be obtained for any changes to Hong Kong election laws, effectively giving it veto power over any moves towards democracy. Officials begin to draft a mini constitution for the city in a reflection of China’s “one state, two systems” policy. A second reading of the extradition bill is postponed after violent protests break out, blocking roads and attempting to storm parliament. Constitution. Battle to control America’s ‘most destructive’ species: feral pigs. Hong Kong moves forward with the reforms, but China plans to dismantle them once it takes the city back. In response, Britain issues an ultimatum. Hong Kong Disneyland (Chinese: 香港迪士尼樂園) (also known as HK Disneyland or HKDL) is a theme park located on reclaimed land in Penny's Bay, Lantau Island.It is located inside the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort and it is owned and managed by Hong Kong International Theme Parks.It is the largest theme park in Hong Kong, followed by Ocean Park Hong Kong. It was the end of an era: In July 1997, as the flag of the United Kingdom was lowered over Hong Kong, the prosperous colony was returned to China after over 150 years of British rule. All rights reserved. Here's why we need to save them. Opium addiction becomes a serious problem for China. Excellent album. In 2020, in a period of large-scale protests, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the controversial Hong Kong national security law. Protesters clash with police in Hong Kong in July 2019. Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong, was formed as the South China Sea overflowed the coastline of the Kowloon Peninsula. The Second Opium War between the United Kingdom, the French Empire, and China takes place. A rash of protests and acts of civil disobedience follow. Waste left over from the coffee-making process can jolt destroyed forests back to life. Hong Kong emerges as an “Asian Tiger”- an international financial center. Why do male gorillas beat their chests? Photograph by An Rong Xu, National Geographic, 430,000 years ago a meteor exploded over Antarctica, leaving clues in the debris. Up to 100,000 people arrive each month, bringing a dizzying array of dialects, languages, and traditions with them. Students strike, citizens participate in huge pro-democracy rallies, and demonstrators occupy the city center for weeks. The 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of the special administrative region specified that except in matters of defense and foreign affairs, Hong Kong would have a high degree of autonomy under the “one country, two systems” framework, but the Chinese Communist Party … Hong Kong has been wracked by a recent series of protests in support of self-determination for its citizens. New study offers intriguing evidence, A mysterious neurological disease is afflicting endangered Florida panthers, Endangered trout may soon return to the concrete Los Angeles River, In Spain, sanctuaries give forever homes to farmed animals, Elephants return to conflict-ridden national park, Many mammals are contagious yawners—this might be why, Once-rare Arctic lightning is now more frequent—and may reshape the region, As halibut decline, Alaska Native fishers square off against industrial fleets, Hazardous spill in Florida highlights environmental threat decades in the making. From a British colony to part of Beijing’s ‘one country, two systems’ policy, Hong Kong’s government has almost always been the exception—not the rule. Prima del 1842, il nome si riferiva a una piccola insenatura - ora conosciuta come porto di Aberdeen o 香港仔 hoeng 1 gong 2 zai 2 "Piccola Hong Kong" - tra l'isola di Aberdeen e il lato sud dell'isola di Hong Kong. Illustration by Adolfo Arranz, National Geographic, Map by Soren Walljasper, National Geographic. The war broke out after Qing-dynasty China attempted to crack down an illegal opium trade that led to widespread addiction in China.

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