[30], In April and May 1945, during the Battle of Berlin, Keitel called for counterattacks to drive back the Soviet forces and relieve Berlin. Keitel also signed the infamous “Night and Fog Decree,” resulting in the murder of thousands of resistance fighters, and the Commando Order which ordered the extra-legal killing of Allied special operations troops, even when these were captured in uniform. Wilhelm Keitel, the son of a landowner, was born in Helmscherode on 22nd September 1882. Keitel formally endorsed the state of affairs in September, reiterating for the armed forces that "evacuation of the Jews must be carried out thoroughly and its consequences endured, despite any trouble it may cause over the next three or four months". "[45] To underscore the criminal rather than military nature of Keitel's acts, the Allies denied his request to be shot by firing squad. Die Fortsetzung zur Reihe um "Hitlers Helfer" vom erfolgreichsten deutschen Sachbuchautor des Jahres 1998. 1 In Downfall 2 In Downfall Parodies 3 Transcript 4 Trivia 5 Gallery Hitler is looking through a magnifying glass at a map showing Bucharest. In that capacity, Keitel signed a number of criminal orders and directives that led to a war of unprecedented brutality and criminality. [49] His last words were: "I call on God Almighty to have mercy on the German people. EXPRESS zeichnet seine Geschichte nach. It was also pointed out that while he claimed the Commando Order, which ordered Allied commandos to be shot without trial, was illegal,[dubious – discuss] he had reaffirmed it and extended its application. He sat on the Army "court of honour" that handed over many officers who were involved, including Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben, to Roland Freisler's notorious People's Court. His parents were … After Hitler took command of the Wehrmacht in 1938, he replaced the ministry with the OKW, with Keitel as its chief. Keitel, then a colonel, served in the Truppenamt (troop office), an agency which concealed the existence of the proscribed Army General Staff. On May 13, 1945, Keitel was arrested with the rest of the Flensburg Cabinet. In 1901, he joined the Prussian army as an artillery officer. [33] Keitel continued to ignore the protests among the officer corps while they became morally numbed to the atrocities. Keitel's behavior earned him contempt in army circles. [39] Signed by Keitel,[40] the decree made it possible for foreign nationals to be transferred to Germany for trial by special courts, or simply handed to the Gestapo for deportation to concentration camps. TTY: 202.488.0406, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Prosecutors indicted Keitel on all four of the main counts: Keitel's defense of superior orders was dismissed by the Tribunal, which found him guilty on all counts. "[36] In September 1941, concerned that some field commanders on the Eastern Front did not exhibit sufficient harshness in implementing the May 1941 order on the "Guidelines for the Conduct of the Troops in Russia", Keitel issued a new order, writing: "[The] struggle against Bolshevism demands ruthless and energetic action especially also against the Jews, the main carriers of Bolshevism". He had been promoted because of his willingness to function as Hitler's mouthpiece. This is a list of Hitler’s top 10 henchmen, who they were and a brief explanation of their roles. In addition, he signed a series of criminal orders. April 1938 wurde Keitel allein zu Hitler befohlen. Sein Bruder Carl August Canaris (1881–1934) wurde Manager in der Stahlindustrie.. Er wuchs zunächst in Aplerbeck auf. [3], Soon after his promotion, Keitel convinced Hitler to appoint Walther von Brauchitsch as Commander-in-Chief of the Army, replacing von Fritsch. [4], Now a lieutenant-colonel, Keitel was again assigned to the Ministry of War in 1929 and was soon promoted to Head of the Organizational Department ("T-2"), a post he held until Adolf Hitler took power in 1933. In 1938, Keitel was appointed head of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht; OKW), that agency which replaced the German War Ministry and which bore responsibility over the army, navy, and air force. I follow now my sons – all for Germany. Heinrich Himmler was captured by the British Army. Railton, Nicholas M. “Henry Gerecke and the Saints of Nuremberg.” Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte, vol. Hitlers Helfer. [15] Keitel was promoted to Generaloberst (Colonel General) in November 1938. While a stronger personality might have challenged Hitler, Keitel was fiercely loyal and became little more than a conduit for Hitler's policies. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Five days later he was arrested along with the rest of the Flensburg Government, at the request of the U.S.[31], Keitel had full knowledge of the criminal nature of the planning and the subsequent Invasion of Poland, agreeing to its aims in principle. Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel, Chef des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht (OKW), wurde in Nürnberg angeklagt und verurteilt. "Preußische Feldmarschälle meutern nicht!" Hitlers Krieger: Keitel - Der Gehilfe. [43] In court, Keitel admitted that he knew many of Hitler's orders were illegal. Auch gerne andere Berichte einholen , nicht nur die Einseitige Dokumentation Guidos. Die Reihe "Hitlers Helfer" dokumentiert in eindrucksvoller Weise das Leben und den Werdegang der engsten Vertrauten des Diktators. Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (German pronunciation: [ˈkaɪ̯tl̩]; 22 September 1882 – 16 October 1946) was a German field marshal and war criminal who held office as Chief of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) – the high command of Nazi Germany's Armed Forces– during World War II. Keitel played an instrumental part in the whole of the war and paid the price for this role when he was sentenced to death at the Nuremberg War Crime Trials. [clarification needed] During the war he was subject to verbal abuse from Hitler, who said to other officers (according to Gerd von Rundstedt) that "you know he has the brains of a movie usher ... (but he was made the highest ranking officer in the Army) ... because the man’s as loyal as a dog" (said by Hitler with a sly smile). Volker Ullrich schreibt über das Thema „[super_title]“. It also noted several instances where he issued illegal orders on his own authority. Keitel rebuffed them, writing: "These doubts correspond to military ideas about wars of chivalry. As chief of the OKW, Keitel was also ultimately responsible for the cooperation between the Einsatzgruppen and the military in the murder of Jews and other civilians in the Soviet Union and for the brutal treatment of Soviet prisoners of war. He was tried and convicted at the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg for war crimes and crimes against humanity and sentenced to death. In this capacity, he was responsible for secretly planning, reorganizing, and eventually enlarging the German army in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. [39] In October 1942, Keitel signed the Commando Order that authorized the killing of enemy special operations troops even when captured in uniform. 1, 2000, pp. It was Keitel whom Dönitz authorized to sign a document of surrender to Soviet forces in Berlin, following General Alfred Jodl's signing of unconditional surrender documents for all German forces on May 7. Keitel's behavior earned him … This time around, Hitler is not the main-character, but important people in The Third Reich, which mostly were officers in the German Wehrmacht. Weltkriegs ließ sich sein Adjutant Otto Günsche im Rheinland nieder. His sycophancy was well known in the army, and he acquired the nickname 'Lakeitel', a pun derived from Lakai ("lackey") and his surname. 13, no. He was found guilty on all counts of the indictment: crimes against humanity, crimes against peace, criminal conspiracy, and war crimes. On 7 May 1945, Alfred Jodl, on behalf of Dönitz, signed Germany's unconditional surrender on all fronts. In 1935, on advice from Commander-in-Chief General Werner von Fritsch, Keitel was promoted to Major General and in 1937 to Colonel General. After Hitler's suicide on 30 April, Keitel stayed on as a member of the short-lived Flensburg government under Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz. Among his colleagues, he was privately known as “Lackeitel,” (“Lackey Keitel”), a play on words of the German word “Lakei” (“lackey”). Washington, DC 20024-2126 Each episode is about a different character from Hitler`s Germany. There, Keitel signed the German surrender to the Soviet Union. Wilhelm Bodewin Gustav Keitel [IPA:Vɪlhɛlm kaɪtɐl] (22 September 1882 – 16 October 1946) was a German Field Marshal and Adolf Hitler's chief of the Armed Forces' Supreme Command during WWII. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43750887. Sie finden Rezensionen und Details zu einer vielseitigen Blu-ray- und DVD-Auswahl – … In diesem Buch hat sich KNOPP mit Rommel, Keitel, Manstein, Paulus, Udet und Canaris auseinandergesetzt. We all now the "famous" German officers during World War 2 like Wilhelm Keitel, Erich von Manstein and Friederich von Paulus. After the invasion of Poland, he had received a “bonus” of 100,000 Reichsmarks for his loyalty. It was a finely balanced team of military commanders, administrative leaders and Ministers of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). [16], The planning for Operation Barbarossa, the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union, was begun tentatively by Halder with the redeployment of the 18th Army into an offensive position against the Soviet Union. [16], Field Marshal Ewald von Kleist labelled Keitel nothing more than a "stupid follower of Hitler" because of his servile "yes man" attitude with regard to Hitler. [24] Keitel conducted the negotiations of the French armistice, and on 19 July 1940 was promoted to Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal). The committee members were Keitel, (Chief of OKW) Hans Lammers (Chief of the Reich Chancellery) and Martin Bormann (Chief of the Party Chancellery). We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. During World War I, Keitel served on the western front as a battery commander and then staff officer. [20], Keitel was predisposed to manipulation because of his limited intellect and nervous disposition; Hitler valued his hard work and obedience. The OKW further imposed a blackout on any information concerning the fate of the accused. [47][48] Keitel was executed by American Army Sergeant John C. The result was that nothing changed, and the Committee declined into irrelevance. The eldest son of Carl Keitel (1854–1934), a middle-class landowner, and his wife Apollonia Vissering (1855–1888), he planned to take over his family's estates after completing his education at a gymnasium but this foundered on his father's resistance. As a commoner, he did not join the cavalry, but a field artillery regiment in Wolfenbüttel, serving as adjutant from 1908. Following World War I, the terms of the Treaty of Versailles reduced the German army (the Reichswehr) to 100,000 men. Anzeige [12], Hitler took command of the Wehrmacht in 1938 and replaced the War Ministry with the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht), with Keitel as its chief. Although technically the commander-in-chief of all German military forces, Keitel wielded little power and was disdained by many of his fellow generals for allowing Hitler to take virtual control of the German army. But he said to Hitler about Keitel (who was his son-in-law’s father) that "he's just the man who runs my office". [46], The day of the execution Keitel told prison chaplain Henry F. Gerecke "You have helped me more than you know. In Keitel’s case the trap door, which was too small for his large frame and hindered his falling freely, opened “with a loud bang” and apparently smacked him in the face as he went down, doing extensive damage. The army lost control over the matter when the SS assumed command of all Jewish forced labour in July 1942. Wie schon bei „Hitlers Helfer“ muss man das Buch als groben Einblick verstehen, um sich einmal ein oberflächliches Bild über die führenden Generäle des Zweiten Weltkriegs zu machen. It was later re-edited as The Memoirs of Field-Marshal Keitel by Walter Görlitz .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 978-0-8154-1072-0. [44] His defence relied almost entirely on the argument he was merely following orders in conformity to "the leader principle" (Führerprinzip) and his personal oath of loyalty to Hitler. Keitel bluntly dismissed the problems, telling Thomas that Hitler would not want to see it. After the war, Keitel was indicted by the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg as one of the "major war criminals". [49] The corpses of Keitel and the other nine executed men were, like Hermann Göring's, cremated at Ostfriedhof (Munich) and the ashes were scattered in the river Isar. Helfer Hitlers. More than 2 million German soldiers went to their death for the fatherland before me. Keitel was reviled among his military colleagues as Hitler's habitual "yes-man". Nach dem Balkanfeldzug und ersten Kampfhandlungen mit jugoslawischen Partisanengruppen gab Keitel am 16. [19] He was known by his peers as a "blindingly loyal toady" of Hitler, nicknamed "Lakeitel"; or "Nickgeselle", after a popular metal toy of a nodding donkey, the "Nickesel". The orders were signed by Keitel; however, other members of the OKW and the OKH, including Halder, wrote or changed the wording of his orders. Zudem ist der Grad der Beteiligung an den nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen bei jeder Person unterschiedlich. Although the tribunal's charter allowed "superior orders" to be considered a mitigating factor, it found Keitel's crimes were so egregious that "there is nothing in mitigation". Adolf Hitler and Wilhelm Keitel examine the Polish armoured train No 13 General Sosnkowski, destroyed by the German Stukas on 10 September. In September 1914 Keitel was seriously wounded by a shell splinter. [26] Hitler asked for war studies to be completed[27] and Georg Thomas was given the task of completing two studies on economic matters. Adolf Hitler's 'last bodyguard' reveals what happened in Nazi leader’s final minutes in the Berlin bunker. Liste der wichtigsten Komplizen Hitlers Die Liste ist auf 28 Personen beschränkt und natürlich beliebig erweiterbar. 112–137. [52], German chief of the Wehrmacht high command and war criminal, Role in crimes of the Wehrmacht and the Holocaust. Qualifizierte Bestellungen werden kostenlos geliefert. [35], In the summer and autumn of 1941, German military lawyers unsuccessfully argued that Soviet prisoners of war should be treated in accordance with the Geneva Convention. In its judgment against him, the IMT wrote, "Superior orders, even to a soldier, cannot be considered in mitigation where crimes as shocking and extensive have been committed consciously, ruthlessly and without military excuse or justification." Hitler talks to Keitel is a scene in Downfall that is commonly used in parodies. Wilhelm Canaris wurde als Sohn des Ingenieurs Carl Canaris, Technischer Leiter der Aplerbecker Hütte, und dessen Frau Auguste geborene Popp in Aplerbeck, heute Stadtteil von Dortmund, geboren.Er war das jüngste von vier Kindern, zwei Jungen und zwei Mädchen. In 1924, Keitel was transferred to the Ministry of the Reichswehr in Berlin, serving with the Truppenamt ('Troop Office'), the post-Versailles disguised German General Staff. Hitlers Krieger Season 1 (4) 1998 12 Ich glaubte, ich irrte - das späte Reueeingeständnis des Nazi-Feldmarschalls Keitel vor dem Nürnberger Kriegsverbrechertribunal angesichts der Gräueltaten des deutschen Militärs bildet eine absolute Ausnahme. [37] Such orders and directives further radicalised the army's occupational policies and enmeshed it in the genocide of the Jews. He was fully subservient to Hitler and allowed the latter to control all military strategy. This influenced Thomas' second study which offered a glowing recommendation for the invasion based upon fabricated economic benefits. Each episode is about a different character from Hitler`s Germany. In diesem Buch hat sich KNOPP mit Rommel, Keitel, Manstein, Paulus, Udet und Canaris auseinandergesetzt. Wie schon bei „Hitlers Helfer“ muss man das Buch als groben Einblick verstehen, um sich einmal ein oberflächliches Bild über die führenden Generäle des Zweiten Weltkriegs zu machen. In diesem Buch hat sich KNOPP mit Rommel, Keitel, Manstein, Paulus, Udet und Canaris auseinandergesetzt. [32], Keitel issued a series of criminal orders from April 1941. Another work by Keitel later published in English was named Questionnaire on the Ardennes offensive. [38], In December 1941, Hitler instructed the OKW to subject, with the exception of Denmark, Western Europe (which was under military occupation) to the Night and Fog Decree. At the same time, Keitel increased pressure on Otto von Stülpnagel, the military commander in France, for a more ruthless reprisal policy in the country. ... Als 17-Jähriger traf Schirach 1925 erstmals Adolf Hitler und wurde zu dessen begeistertem Anhänger. [14] When after von Blomberg was asked by Hitler (out of respect for him, after his dismissal in 1938) who he would recommend to replace him he had not suggested anyone, and suggested that Hitler himself should take over the job. Hitler snapped his fingers and exclaimed "That’s exactly the man I’m looking for". Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel served as commander of all German armed forces during World War II. The committee, soon known as the Dreierausschuß (Committee of Three), met eleven times between January and August 1943. I follow now my sons—all for Germany.”. Defiant to the end, his last words were: “I call on God Almighty to have mercy on the German people. Als Chef des OKW war es Keitels Aufgabe, Hitlers teils völkerrechtswidrigen Weisungen mit seiner Unterschrift Befehlskraft zu verleihen. Wilhelm Keitel was tried at the Allied court at Nuremberg, sentenced to death, and hanged as a war criminal. Frühe Gefolgsleute und Förderer Hitlers. Those carrying out the murders were exempted from court-martial or later being tried for war crimes. ORF III zeigt mit der Reihe über die 6 wichtigsten deutschen Generäle Hitlers eine faszinierende TV-Analyse der Nazizeit. Adolf Hitler’s inner circle were the most powerful men in the Third Reich. [51] Many of the executed Nazis fell from the gallows with insufficient force to snap their necks, resulting in convulsions that in Keitel's case lasted 24 minutes. May Christ, my saviour, stand by me all the way. [29], Keitel played an important role after the failed 20 July plot in 1944. [32] The Nazi plans included mass arrests, population transfers and mass murder. Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (German pronunciation: [ˈkaɪ̯tl̩]; 22 September 1882 – 16 October 1946) was a German field marshal and war criminal who held office as Chief of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the high command of Nazi Germany's Armed Forces, during the Second World War. He was the third highest-ranking German officer to be tried at Nuremberg.
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