Sumatran elephants walk at the Elephant Conservation Centre in Way Kambas National Park on Indonesia's Sumatra Island January 25, 2009. In January, elephants killed one man and injured another in Meureubo sub-district, not far away from Kaway XVI sub-district. The long-term conservation of the elephant in Sumatra requires that elephants and people co-exist with minimal conflict, otherwise demands for the removal of elephants will be politically difficult to ignore, resulting ultimately in the depletion of elephant populations on the island. For example, your first paragraph can be about what elephants eat and what their trophic level is. Reproduction In this species, the female is sexually mature between 3 and 4 years of age, while the male is capable of reproducing when he is 4 to 5 years old. Endangered Sumatran elephant born in captivity. Only male elephants have long tusks, therefore there is a larger female population, which prevents reproduction. ANWAR SISWADI . The hind limbs are shorter than the fore-limbs. The Sumatran Elephant: A Pachyderm’s Plight Marina Dauer AP Environmental Science Mrs. Bukis/ Mrs. Warner 26 June 2015 The Sumatran elephant is a critically endangered animal whose continued existence is being threatened due to conflict with humans. Between 1980 and 2005 – the equal of just one and a half elephant generations – 67 % of the potential Sumatran elephant’s habitat was misplaced. Gestation ranges from 93 to 114 days, with an average of 103 to 105 days. [6] Ecology and behaviour Reproduction . Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Similar to other herbivores, the infant of Sumatran Elephants becomes able to stand on its own within 10 – 30 minutes after birth. Birth usually happens at night and lasts approximately 10 seconds. The tusk of an elephant is in actual fact incisors that grow throughout the elephants life. Forty Long-Tailed Macaques … Even before his sad and widely publicised death in March 2018, Sudan’s old age meant that natural reproduction was no longer an option. Scientific Name: Elephas maximus sumatrensis. In Elephant House, photographer Dick Blau and historian Nigel Rothfels offer a thought-provoking study of the Oregon Zoo’s Asian Elephant Building and the daily routines of its residents—human and pachyderm alike. Around 2,400 to 2,800 individuals survive today. A female and her newborn calf (2019) in Alue Kuyun Conservation Response Unit, Aceh – BKSDA Aceh. They are the smallest of the three subspecies with the lightest skin color and shortest tusks. 25 Things You Might Not Know About Elephants. The parturition lasts only for about 10 seconds and occurs at night. Nach Beobachtungen bei 18 tragenden Kühen im Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage in Sri Lanka fand die Geburt durchschnittlich 667 Tage nach der Befruchtung statt. The African Bush Elephant, also known as the Savanna Elephant, can weigh up to 5.5 tonnes, making it one of the largest mammals alive! However, insufficient knowledge and funding have resulted in a serious lack of food and care for the elephants, resulting in many losses. Some plantation workers will even poison the elephants with organic phosphate pesticides in order to prevent disruptions in the area (Chaideer, 2014). The species breeds around every 2 years which is considerably shorter than most gibbons. Your grade for Checkpoint #2 is 23/25 pts. Found inside – Page ixBattak - Dorf in Deli , Sumatra . ( Reproduction of a photograph . ) ( To face p . 152. ) III . Waldbach in Deli , Sumatra . ( Reproduction of a photograph . ) ( To face p . 148. ) IV . Sumatran Elephant . ( Reproduction of a photograph ... The rabbit gestation period is short and ranges from 28 to 36 days with an average period of 31 days. As a result, these … Life span: 40-50 years Elephants frequently crop-raid and are often poisoned or shot in retaliation. In der Regel wird ein einzelnes Kalb zur Welt gebracht, das bei der Geburt zwischen … The Asian elephant is classified as ‘endangered’, one level down from ‘critically endangered’ before extinction, on the IUCN Red List. The female elephants are usually not ready to reproduce until the age of 14, whereas male elephants are more likely to breed around the age of 40. Males rarely develop long tusks, while those of adult females may be so short that they are hidden by the upper lip. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), three Asian elephant subspecies are recognized: Indian elephant Elephas maximus indicus living on the Asian mainland, Sri Lankan elephant Elephas maximus maximus from Sri Lanka and Sumatran elephant Elephas maximus sumatranus from the Indonesian island of Sumatra (Shoshani & Eisenberg, … This Action Plan considers elephant populations across Asia on the basis of size and provides recommendations to enhance their long-term survival. Female elephants stop reproducing after 60 years of age. et al. the Sumatran elephant occurs in Sumatra. Between 1980 and 2005 – the equivalent of only one and a half elephant generations – 67 percent of the potential Sumatran elephant’s habitat was lost. I. Impala Indian … Among the Asian elephants, the Sumatran elephants are the smallest, with a shoulder height ranging between 2 meters and 3.2 meters (6.6 ft. to 10.5 ft). Female elephants form herds and care for their young together and raise the offspring as a group. Habitat: Sumatran Lowland forests (Leuser ecosystem) Size: 2-3.2 … establish a trust fund to become self-supporting. Asian elephants are nocturnal as well as diurnal; they are active at night, but not awake during enough night hours to be considered a nocturnal species. Illegal logging is most commonly known as ‘deforestation’ and is causing many issues for the elephants. Sumatran elephant, PTES; Sumatran elephant in Way Kambas (Lampung), Wikimedia Commons; Sumatran elephants in Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra, by Cyril Ruoso; Common Name: Sumatran Elephant . Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in ... Details the pioneering research that has uncovered the fact that elephants communicate at a pitch lower than humans can detect, as a woman who has lived among them celebrates her time in Africa as well as the infinite connections between ... Fruits. Most remarkable is the Sumatran rhinoceros, of which about the last viable breeding population finds a relatively safe refuge in the interior. Forest loss in the low lands (at 300m where elephants live) is more than at higher altitudes. The current Sumatran elephant population is estimated at 2,400–2,800 wild individuals, excluding elephants in camps, in 25 fragmented populations across the island. Tiger family in Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve . Sumatran rhinos compete with the Javan rhino for the unenviable title of most threatened rhino species. Twenty-four-year-old Surangi, an elephant at the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage, gave birth to two healthy male calves on Aug. 31. It is found only on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. Between 1980 and 2005 – the equivalent of only one and a half elephant generations – 67 percent of the potential Sumatran elephant’s habitat was … This is an urgent book offering meaningful solutions to one of the world's most pressing crises. The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) a subspecies of the Asian elephant and native to the island of Sumatra, Indonesia is currently listed on the IUCN red list as critically endangered with the wild population estimated to be reduced by more than 80%. Litters consist of two or three cubs, rarely as many as six. They have no choice but to enter into towns and villages in search for food and, due to their large size, end up trampling homes, farms and causing injury to civilians. The park located along the Bukit Barisan mountain range, has a total area of 3,568 km2, and spans three provinces: Lampung, Bengkulu, and South Sumatra. Bite-Sized Facts! A 2007 study by the World Wildlife Fund found there were as few as 2,400 Sumatran elephants left in the wild, and the number now is thought to have halved as a result of poaching for ivory, human-elephant conflict, and deforestation. Aceh in Indonesia is the last place on earth that harbours all four critically endangered species of Sumatran elephant, tiger, orangutan and rhino. The critically endangered Sumatran elephant persists in mainly small and isolated populations that may require intensive management to be viable in the long term. In Sumatra, the northern-most island of Indonesia, the significant reduction of forests and a threefold increase in the human population over the last two decades have placed Sumatran Asian elephant populations in jeopardy, evidenced by the escalation of conflicts between elephants and humans. One thing that you need to change is that the text is too long for one paragraph. By creating this link, and ensuring that these elephants are seen as an important resource and doing positive deeds, it is expected that local communities, decision-makers and other stakeholders will recognize their contribution and hopefully focus greater attention on protecting Sumatran elephants, in the wild and in captivity. The study also shows that the populations of clade A individuals declines towards the northern part of Indonesia, probably due to breeding between two different clades (Fleischer et al., 2001). develop a Sumatran elephant registration system (studbook system); and. This indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals. Sexual maturity is reached at about 6 years of age, and one calf is born once every three years, after a gestation period of about 16 months. In fact, more than 700 elephants have been relocated to these centers. The female has estrus (mating season) every 3-9 weeks, being receptive for 3 to 6 days. The elephants for the parks and zoos are sourced from breeding centres established 30 years in the past in Sumatra in a programme that was supposed … Related to the function of the sumatran elephants in Flying Squad as the patrol team, it is necessary to conduct a proper management to ensure animal welfare. Sumatran elephants have a lifespan of 60 – 75 years in the wild. Reproduction. Male elephants have tusks pair that extends to the front, while the female elephants do not have tusks in general, if you have the possibility of very short size. Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) populations continue to decline due to habitat loss, poaching and conflict with humans. The primary threats to the Sumatran elephant population … Males rarely develop long tusks, while those of adult females may be so short that they are hidden by the upper lip. The elephants for the parks and zoos are sourced from breeding centres established 30 years ago in Sumatra in a programme that was supposed to help stabilise … The first arrived at 4:30 a.m. and the second at 10 a.m., according to a Facebook post from the facility. elephant - elephant - Reproduction and life cycle: Elephants live in small family groups led by old females (cows). More than 85% of their habitat is outside of protected areas. The report finds that there are shortcomings in care and management that are threatening the well-being of the animal collection and identifies the "most pressing" issues that should be addressed. Delilah was born on 12 May 2016 at 4:42am and weighed 20 kg (45 pounds). This study aims to examine the aspects of welfare management and asses the level of welfare of sumatran elephants in Flying Squad. All three recognised sub-species of the Asian elephant – the Sumatran, Indian and Sri Lankan elephants – are in peril. Their populations are declining worldwide due to poaching and habitat loss. The Conservation Response Unit (CRU) concept is founded on the belief that diversity is only secure when diverse conservation strategies are employed. Original post SL 27 Dec 2011: Enjoying his winter playground, the zoo elephant who likes to make snowballs with his trunk - and then eat them The elep Berlin Zoo, Germany - 2011-2021 - The Elephant Commentator The species has polygynous relationships due to the limited number of individuals remaining. Previous studies have reported that the most common helminthiasis in Sumatran elephants was caused by paramphistomoid worm. Sumatran elephants are the smallest of the Asian elephants. The CRU teams are composed of 14 captive elephants from two ECCs (Aceh and Seblat) and 14 of their mahouts, 14 government forest rangers, and 3 conservation officers spread over three CRU posts placed in targeted working areas. It … His … H. Harbor Porpoise Hare Hare, Arctic Harp Seal Hawaiian Monk Seal Hedgehog Hippopotamus Horse Howler Monkey Humpback Whale. The elephant care and management considers their basic needs; physical activity, socialisation, nutrition, rest & sleep, and cognitive stimulation is are integral to their daily routines, at the park. These remaining animals are isolated in fragmented pockets of forests that prevent them breeding. Words: 689 - Pages: 3 Difference Between Endangered And Endangered Animals (Lion Vs Tiger) The tiger is an example of an endangered animal. Those affected either remove the elephants from the wild, poison or shoot them (Jenkins, 2002). Roaming in herds, these large mammals need extensive land to survive, feeding for up to 19 hours a day to meet their energy requirements. G. Gelada Giant Anteater Giant Panda Giant River Otter Gibbon Giraffe Golden Lion Tamarin Gray Whale Grizzly Bear Groundhog. These animals have a rather large The Sumatran elephant’s welfare is the priority for the lodge, the park has clearly implemented a high standard of care for these gorgeous Sumatran elephants. 33 transects were laid with a total length of 93 km. Previous studies have reported that the most common helminthiasis in Sumatran elephants was caused by paramphistomoid worm. “The conflict often results in the death of the elephants by poisoning or capture, as well as economic losses to humans.” In one of Sumatra’s provinces, palm oil plantations have caused rapid deforestation rates. Sumatran Elephant The smallest of the Asian elephants, the Sumatran elephant’s numbers have declined by an astonishing 80 percent in less than 25 years due to deforestation, habitat loss and human-elephant conflict in Sumatra. A cow starts reproduction when they are 8-10 years old. The Asian elephants formerly performing in the circus Knie are now residing at the new elephant breeding facility in Rapperswil (Knie´s Kinderzoo). Candra . The average lifespan for an Asian elephant in captivity is about 65 years and the average life span for an elephant living in the wild is about 55 years. Sumatran Elephants are herbivores, meaning that they only eat plants and plant matter. Other endangered species are orangutan, Sumatran tiger, Sumatran elephant, wild dog, clouded leopard, and many others. Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is a species of large mammal class, body weight can reach 4-6 tons. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Although elephant conservation sites have implemented a management plan to address elephant health and welfare issues, Sumatran elephants in captivity are still susceptible to some of the health issues such as breeding problems, stress, and poor health. From the ancient origins of the proboscideans to the present-day crisis of the living elephants, this volume synthesizes the behavior, ecology and conservation of elephants, while covering also the history of human interactions with ... Would you read a gigantic paragraph like the one you have above? Sri Lanka has an impressive amount of elephants for such a small country (just 25,330 sq miles). Seven hundred concise, clearly written articles, accompanied by more than one thousand full-color photographs, provide authoritative information on mammals from each of the twenty-one orders, covering anatomy, breeding habits, behavior, ... Sumatran elephants are the smallest of the Asian elephants. Satwa Sumatra Elephant Ecolodge is set in a lush tropical walled garden just 500 metres from the entrance of Way Kambas National Park, in Sumatra, Indonesia. In the wild, the animal was listed as ‘critically endangered’ in 2012. The Sumatran Elephant is a sub-species of the Asian Elephant. This paper reviewed the current knowledge on rhinoceros and elephant reproduction biology, reproductive cycle, gestation, dystocia, reproductive pathology, oestrous induction and artificial insemination, sperm sexing, IVF and contraception, and how this knowledge is or might be used to aid species conservation for maximal reproductive efficiency and enhancement of genetic … The Sumatran rhinoceros, also known as the hairy rhinoceros or Asian two-horned rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), is a rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant species of rhinoceros. ( Log Out / The report presents the latest assessment of global trends in wildlife crime. It includes discussions on illicit rosewood, ivory, rhino horn, pangolin scales, live reptiles, tigers and other big cats, and European eel. An immediate moratorium on habitat conversion is needed to secure a future for Sumatran elephants, conservation organization WWF says. Shoots. The Borneo elephant occurs in Borneo 's northeastern parts, primarily in Sabah ( Malaysia ), and sometimes in Kalimantan ( Indonesia ). Asian elephants also do not hibernate, but they do migrate depending on seasonal weather changes. While surviving in possibly greater numbers than the Javan rhino, Sumatran rhinos are more threatened due to habitat loss and fragmentation. They eat a wide variety of vegetation like grasses, leaves, shoots, barks, fruits, nuts, and seeds. The island of Java is home to a small population of Javan Rhinoceros, the rarest of all rhinoceros, while Sumatra’s swamp forests protect the last Sumatran Rhinoceros, second rarest of the rhinos. Elephant Reproduction: The incubation period in the female elephant lasts for 22 months, delivering a single offspring. Over 69% of the potential habitat of these elephants has been lost over the past 25 years. Tigers of the World, Second Edition explores tiger biology, ecology, conservation, management, and the science and technology that make this possible. Only male Sumatran elephants have tusks and thus with every male elephant poached, the more the sex ratio would be thrown off balance. Data was collected on the location, number and age-sex classes through different elephant sightings. We work with the International Elephant Project's team of elephant conflict … This book brings together a selection of original studies submitted to Biodiversity and Conservation addressing aspects of the conservation and biodiversity of plants. The 7-volume Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Second Edition maintains the reputation of the highly regarded original, presenting the most current information available in this globally crucial area of research and study. The CRU project has 4 main objectives: 1) mitigating human-elephant conflict; 2) reducing wildlife crime activities in the important elephant habitat through forest patrol and monitoring; 3) raising awareness among local people of the importance of conserving elephants and their habitat; 4) establishing community-based ecotourism to ensure long-term CRU financial sustainability. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. This elephant is probably raising the newborn in a heard. In 2011, the IUCN listed the Sumatran elephant as critically endangered and over the past two decades, the species population has decreased by about 35%, from about 2,652 to 1,724 individuals, according to information from WWF Indonesia. The remaining animals survive in small, fragmented non-viable populations, and with limited possibilities to find each other to breed, its … The Sumatran Elephant is the smallest subspecies, but the largest mammal existing on the island of Sumatra. Related; Ten Indonesian Endemic Wildlife on Brink of Extinction 12 days ago. The conservation of this large animal directly saves many other smaller species that live around the elephants' habitat. Males and females both possess two glands that open between the eye and ear. Weight: ranges from 2.25 to 5.5 tons. 34 The African elephant was previously treated as a single species, but has recently been separated into the African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) and African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) for evaluation. Palm oil has many applications from cosmetics, to an ingredient used in chocolate to prevent it from melting. The genetic divergence of Borneo elephants … Since the 1960s, even the United States has seen only 22 elephant births. Population. Elephants that wander into human settlements are often relocated to conservation centers in Sumatra. Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ). With a stranger appearance to their African cousins, the Sumatran Elephant is almost completely bald with small rounded ears. The female elephants also stop reproducing after 60 years of age. Sumatran … Human-Animal conflict is a huge limiting factor that contributed to the species status of critically endangered. This helps them to gain all the nutrients that they nds.… Read More. On this island lives a subspecies of the Asian elephant, the Sumatran elephant, who is critically Tiger family in Kanha Tiger Reserve. Found inside – Page 724ANIL PUSHPAKUMARA, CHATCHOTE THITARAM AND JANINE L. BROWN elephants can reproduce into their 60s, but for most, fertility ... and Sumatran (E. m. sumatranus), with mitochondrial and microsatellite evidence that the Borneo elephant is a ... Mahouts, as part of the CRU team, not only take care of the elephants but are involved in all CRU activities and have gained training in wildlife observation techniques and basic use of navigation devices and mapping. There are three different species of elephants: the African savanna, or bush, elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. the Sumatran elephant occurs in Sumatra. It is said that only two of the three remaining herds are biologically viable. IEF elephant experts and veterinarians share information with the staff at the conservation centers on captive elephant husbandry and health care in an effort to make long-term positive changes in the lives of the elephants at the centers; and to protect this important meta population while the Government of Indonesia develops programs for habitat protection and the future of the wild and captive Sumatran Asian elephant. For the morphological and morphometric examinations, we used an Olympus BX 51 microscope … Poaching is another commonly known human activity, guaranteeing fatality. Mandai Wildlife Reserve, Mandai River Wonders, Singapore Zoo, Night Safari, Wildlife Reserves Singapore and Jurong Bird Park are copyrighted by and/or trade marks of Singapore Zoological Gardens (and/or its affiliate(s)) in Singapore and/or other countries, as the case may be. Bark. The Sumatran elephant population now stands at only 2400-2800. Reproduction: A single calf is born after a gestation period of about 8 months. The Asian elephant EEP population consists mainly of E. m. … Sumatran elephants fall into clade A which is a basal clade, and shows that they are very important evolutionary units. 4) The Sri Lankan Elephant is the largest of the Asian subspecies, measuring 6.6 to 11.5 feet tall and weighing 4,400 and 12,100 pounds. It is the smallest rhinoceros, although it is still a large mammal; it stands 112–145 cm (3.67–4.76 ft) high at the … Sumatran elephants might have smaller tusks than their African counterparts, however poachers are still tempted to kill them and sell their tusks on the illegal ivory market. Sumatran elephants are a critically endangered species with estimated numbers of just over 2,000 individuals left in their natural habitat. Representing National Geographic's Photo Ark - a major cross-platform initiative and lifelong project by a veteran photographer to make portraits of the world's animals, especially those that are endangered - this showcase of 600 photos ... In 1996, the International Rhino Foundation (IRF) built the 250-acre Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in partnership with local NGO Yayasan Badak Indonesia (YABI). The diet of the Sumatran Elephant includes: Grasses. However, they cannot fertilize … Rhino experts are now exploring the possibility of artificial reproduction technologies, using in vitro fertilisation and southern white rhino surrogates as a way to preserve and maintain northern white rhino genes into the future. Nematode samples were obtained from Sumatran elephants’ feces (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Way Kambas National Park, Lampung Province, after being given Kalbazen ® containing albendazole 1000 mg at a dose of 10 mg/kg by the veterinarian in charge of the National Park area. In the 1980s, the Indonesian Directorate General of Nature Protection and Conservation (PHPA) found it necessary to consider capturing wild elephants in an attempt to ease the conflicts between humans and elephants. Because Sumatran elephants are warmblooded animals, they will find shelter to sleep under depending on the weather to stabilize body temperature. The first accessible introduction to the many various wildlife assessment methods! This book uses a new approach that makes the full range of methods accessible in a way that has not previously been possible. The Sumatran elephant dwells in the lowland forest of Sumatra in Indonesia. The only predator of baby Sumatran elephant is a Sumatran tiger.. In response, the IEF has funded and organized a number of trips to the Sumatran Elephant Conservation Centers (ECC) to deliver medical supplies and provide training. Most males (bulls) live in bachelor herds apart from the cows. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. The Borneo elephant occurs in Borneo's northeastern parts, primarily in Sabah , and sometimes in Kalimantan . This is the first book to explore, in depth and breadth, the complex interrelationships that exist between patterns of mating behaviour and the evolution of mammalian reproductive anatomy and physiology. This volume contains the proceedings of the conference of the same name held in July 2006 at the University of Chester in the United Kingdom. one of three recognized subspecies of the Asian elephant, and native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Within the wild, the animal was listed as ‘critically endangered’ in 2012. Animals; Wildlife . Regardless, it appears that Sumatran elephants roam over much larger areas than previously assumed. Newly born baby Sumatran elephant walks with her mother in Elephant Flying Squad Camp at the Tesso Nilo National Park in Riau, Indonesia, on November... Sumatran elephant infant was born in Tesso Nilo National Park, Riau, Indonesia. Parasitologists, helminthologists, zoologists, and biologists working with ecological associations will find this book an essential reference source for their work with amphistomes. Poaching is described as killing elephants for their ivory tusks. They are mammals and reproduce sexually although there is no particular breeding season. and is home to wild Sumatran elephants. This model center will not only improve the health and husbandry care of the elephants that reside in the center, but it will: * demonstrate to the government of Sumatra and the managers of the other ECCs what an ideal center should resemble; * provide a base for training the pawangs (Indonesian mahouts) and camp managers of the other elephant centers; * provide the surrounding human communities means to benefit from the captive elephants and education materials on the conservation of elephants and habitat. Sumatran elephants feed on a variety of plants and deposit seeds wherever they go, contributing to a healthy forest ecosystem. Sumatran Elephants are herbivores, meaning that they only eat plants and plant matter. Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) have lost over 70% of their habitat and half their population in one generation, forcing them into smaller fragments of forest and into conflict and competition with humans. [4] and Kirjawanti [5] showed that the prevalence of the paramphistomiasis affecting Sumatran elephants in Elephant Training Center (Pusat Latihan Gajah) ( Log Out / Sumatran Elephant. Words: 689 - Pages: 3 Wild Animals Cause Cancer. Sumatran Elephant. Captive elephants play an important role by providing transportation during forest monitoring patrol activities, as a tool for gaining local community interest during awareness events, and driving away crop raiding wild elephants should conflict incidents arise. The CRU model utilizes once neglected captive elephants and their mahouts for direct field based conservation interventions to support the conservation of wild elephants and their habitat, and achieve positive outcomes for both elephants and people. Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary. The decline is largely because of elephant habitat … Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) have lost over 70% of their habitat and half their population in one generation, forcing them into smaller fragments of forest and into conflict and competition with humans.
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